Hip Arthritis

Anatomy & Background

The hip joint is one of the largest joints in the body. It is composed of one osseous joint. The hip ensures weight-bearing and mobility on several different planes. The stability of the hip comes from the joint design, joint capsule, ligaments, muscle, and cartilaginous tissue called the labrum.

Bone and Joint

The hip is a ball-and-socket joint. The femur and the acetabulum head and a part of the pelvic girdle that meet together form it. The head of the femur is a large ball, and the acetabulum is a shallow socket. This design allows for greater mobility.

Articular cartilage with a smooth and shiny surface that allows the bones’ ends to slide freely over each other covers the bony joint surfaces of the head of the femur and acetabulum. This cartilage enables the joint to move smoothly.

What Is Arthritis?

Arthritis is the wearing, degeneration, or loss of articular cartilage in a joint. The three most common types of joint arthritis are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and traumatic arthritis. The most common cause of hip pain is arthritis.

What Is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of hip arthritis and is a gradual wearing down and degeneration of the joint surfaces or articular cartilage. This condition is most common in people over the age of 50, overweight people, and women. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in your body. However, it most commonly occurs in your hips, knees, hands, and spine. Hip arthritis is a degenerative disease which means your symptoms will become worse over time as the cartilage continues to break down.

What Causes Arthritis in the Hip?

Common causes of hip osteoarthritis include:

• Genetics and family history
• Traumatic injury or fracture of the hip can result in the development of osteoarthritis.
• Significant trauma that effects the circulation of the head of the femur. This condition is called “aseptic necrosis” which can result in a deteriorating of the femur head.
• Excessive use of steroids or steroid medication can result in degeneration of the joint and cartilage.
• Obesity
• Diseases of the joint cartilage

Hip Arthritis Symptoms

• Pain and achy-ness in the hip joint during activities.
• Difficulty with walking and bearing weight on the affected leg.
• Loss of motion of the hip in several directions, including abduction (moving out), flexion (moves toward chest), and internal rotation (turning the hip in).
• Noticeable inflammation around the joint.
• Weakness that makes it difficult to get out of a chair, squat, kneel, or climb stairs.
• Cracking, grinding, crunching, or joint noises called “crepitus” that occur when moving the hip.

Hip Arthritis Treatment

Treatment of hip arthritis at our pain treatment clinic in New Jersey depends on the severity of the condition. You should follow some important guidelines at the beginning of such a condition. Treatment options include:

• RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation to reduce the stress on the joint.
• NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) to reduce pain.
• The use of an assisting device, such as a cane or walker, may reduce stress on the hip while reducing a limp or gait deviation.
• Injection of steroids to reduce inflammation of the involved joint.
• In severe recurrent conditions, you may need surgery. We recommend a hip joint resurfacing or total hip replacement procedure in severe arthritis or joint degeneration cases.

How to Manage Your Hip Arthritis Pain?

The leading pain management and injury specialist in New Jersey, Dr. Freeman, recommends avoiding the activities that produce pain or stress the involved joint as the first line of treatment.

• Rest: avoid the activities that produce pain. Avoid jumping, running, going up and downstairs, kneeling, squatting, and walking for extended periods.
• Ice or moist heat: apply ice to the joint or painful and inflamed area. It is one of the fastest ways to reduce swelling, pain, and inflammation. Individuals with Rheumatoid arthritis may not tolerate ice well. The application of moist heat (like a warm or hot washcloth) may be helpful with stiff joints. You should apply ice or heat at intervals for about twenty minutes at a time. Do not apply directly to the skin.
• Compression: when using ice, apply light compression. Application of compression is beneficial if swelling is present.
• Elevation: elevate the area to help reduce swelling.
• Movement: keep your joints moving whenever possible. When pain occurs, patients tend not to move, which will only result in further loss of motion and lead to increased pain and loss of function.

Prognosis

Outcomes and prognosis for individuals with hip arthritis will depend on the severity of the joint degeneration, motion loss, weakness, and age. Since this condition is irreversible, it should be well managed, especially in severe cases. Arthritis therapy focuses on reducing joint inflammation, relieving hip pain, and preventing further inflammatory processes.

Timely treatment will slow the progression of arthritis, minimize your pain and increase the range of motion in the affected joint. If left untreated, the disease will progress and result in bone spurs, osteonecrosis, and septic arthritis.

Mild Cases

Patients with mild degeneration respond well to conservative treatment, including medication for pain and inflammation and a program of exercises for stretching and strengthening the knee joint and surrounding muscles. Most patients show improvement in pain and function in 4-6 weeks.

Moderate Cases

Patients with moderate degenerative changes usually experience greater loss of motion, pain, weakness, and loss of function. In some cases, we may indicate a joint resurfacing of the hip. Recovery may take from 8-12 weeks following surgery, emphasizing the reduction of swelling and restoration of range of motion, strength, and function.

Severe Cases

Patients with severe joint degeneration have significant pain, stiffness, loss of motion, and function. Cartilage erosion on the joint surfaces may occur, and X-rays may reveal a loss of joint space and “bone-on-bone” contact. Joint replacement is usually the only treatment option available at this point. Following a joint replacement, the artificial hip will be different from the natural joint, and there will be some limitations of motion and function. However, a patient’s quality of life is usually significantly improved following a total joint replacement. Recovery following hip replacement can take 3-4 months of intensive physical therapy and rehabilitation. Improvements and functional gains can continue to develop for up to a year following the procedure.

Our top-rated pain management doctors and best injury specialist in NJ provide pain relief and rehabilitation care. Our doctors cooperate with the top-rated hospitals in New Jersey, including RWJ Barnabas and Morristown Medical Center.